Recap: Conditionals and Loops

The two conditional forms, the four loops, and the two boundary mistakes, with where each was.

Conditionals and loops in Java come down to the seven ideas below, each listed with the card that covers it.

What the topic established, and which card it was on
The idea	Where
An `if` ladder tests a condition per rung; a `switch` matches one value	Conditionals in Java: if and switch
In a ladder, the first true condition wins, so the order of the rungs matters	Conditionals Example: A Letter Grade With if and else if
If every rung compares the same variable with a constant, write a `switch`	if vs switch: Choosing by What the Branches Test
Four loop forms, separated by how much you know before the loop starts	Loops in Java: for, Enhanced for, while and do-while
A counter from 0 compares with `<`; a counter from 1 compares with `<=`	Off-by-One Errors in Loop Conditions
The colon form of `switch` picks a starting point, not a branch	Fall-Through in a switch Without break
`break` ends the loop; `continue` ends the pass	Practice: Predicting What break and continue Do

In both halves of this topic the bug lives at the boundary rather than in the body. A counter that is one out and a missing break are the same kind of mistake, because in both the code runs one step further than it reads.

← → move through sections and cards